Scaling is a direct result of Calcium Hardness (CH) falling out of solution and solidifying. This occurs when the water becomes over-saturated with calcium. The primary driver is the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), a calculated value that measures water's tendency to be scale-forming (positive LSI), balanced (0), or corrosive (negative LSI). Factors that push the LSI positive (causing scale) are:
1, High Calcium Hardness: Water with CH levels consistently above 400 ppm is at risk, especially when combined with other factors. Source water often contains high calcium.
2, High pH: A high pH directly increases the LSI, making scaling imminent.
3, High Total Alkalinity: High TA contributes to a high LSI and also makes pH more stable at a high level, compounding the problem.
4, High Water Temperature: Heated pools, spas, and water inside heaters are far more prone to scaling, as heat drives calcium out of solution.
5, High Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): As water evaporates, calcium and other minerals are left behind, concentrating in the water. Without dilution, this leads to over-saturation.

1, Scale Inhibitor / Sequestering Agent
Chemical: Phosphonic acid-based products (HEDP, etc.) or Polymeric inhibitors. Often sold as "Scale & Stain Control," "Metal Control," or "Sequestering Agents."
Purpose: These chemicals do not remove calcium. Instead, they act like a magnet, binding to calcium ions and keeping them suspended in the water, preventing them from crystallizing and forming scale on surfaces. This is a preventative measure.

Application Method:
Initial Treatment: When filling a new pool or dealing with high-calcium fill water, add the initial dose as per the product's label (usually a higher amount per x gallons).
Maintenance: Add a weekly maintenance dose to keep the inhibitor active. The product is consumed over time and must be replenished.
Addition: Typically poured directly into the skimmer with the pump running so it is evenly distributed through the filter.

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